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REVIEW ARTICLE

Pathophysiology of Keratoconus: What Do We Know Today

The Open Ophthalmology Journal 31 July 2017 REVIEW ARTICLE DOI: 10.2174/1874364101711010252

Abstract

Keratoconus is a common corneal ectasia that leads to progressive visual impairment. Numerous studies have shown abnormal protein expression patterns in keratoconic corneas. However, the specific mechanisms causing this disease remain ambiguous. This review aims to provide an update on morphological studies of the keratoconic cornea, relate these early studies with current findings from proteomic, biochemical and cell culture studies and to postulate possible pathogenic pathways.

Keywords: Keratoconus, Pathogenesis, Morphology, Proteomics, Cytokine, Oxidative stress, TGF-β, Keratocytes, Corneal epithelium.
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